artifacts: add debian:debug-symbols category and DebianDebugSymbols model

Jugal Patelrequested to merge
JugalPatel6103/debusine:artifact-design into devel

Related to #957 (closed), @cjwatson

As discussed, this adds the debian:debug-symbols artifact category and the DebianDebugSymbols Pydantic model to debusine/artifacts/models.py, along with tests covering the 5 cases from the blueprint (valid input, wrong length, uppercase, non-hex, duplicates).

Kept FileInArtifact.path as bare build-IDs as you suggested and left out file_paths and DWZ support for now as they're out of scope for the initial implementation.

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