From https://www.freedesktop.org/software/appstream/docs/sect-Metadata-Application.html#spec-appdata-filespec

The "desktop-application" component type is the same as the "desktop"
component type - "desktop" is the older type identifier for
desktop-applications and should not be used for new metainfo files,
unless compatibility with very old AppStream tools (pre 2016) is still
wanted.

From https://www.freedesktop.org/software/appstream/docs/sect-Metadata-Application.html#spec-appdata-introduction

While "desktop-application" metadata is commonly stored in
/usr/share/metainfo/%{id}.metainfo.xml (with a .metainfo.xml
extension), using a .appdata.xml extension is also permitted for this
component type for legacy compatibility. AppStream implementations
will recognize either file type, as long as it ends up in the right
location on the filesystem.

Corresponding osinfo entry:
https://gitlab.com/libosinfo/osinfo-db/-/blob/main/data/os/manjaro.org/manjaro-rolling.xml.in

The 'derives-from' field can assign different distributions together, which
causes that wrong logo is displayed for an unofficial fork. E.g. PureOS is
displayed with Debian logo, which shouldn't happen. Consider only the
'upgrades' field, which is always official.