Implement buildah caching for faster image builds
This commit enables buildah caching to reduce the build times down to mere 2 to 3 minutes for forked repositories while ensuring the main repository (salsa-ci-team/pipeline) always builds fresh images.
The BUILDAH_ENABLE_CACHE flag can be used to toggle cache usage when starting a new pipeline from the web. Additionally, CACHE_TO_ARG and CACHE_FROM_ARG allow overriding the default cache behaviour, if need be.
Container image names are limited to 2 levels deep due to GitLab
registry constraints. To work around this, caches are named as:
/cache/${ARCH_NAMESPACE//\//-}${IMAGE_NAME}
(Examples: cache/base, cache/arm32v7-base, etc.)