Adjust to Phosh's versioning and version important dependencies

Putting this out as separate as it's completely orthogonal to the previous changes. This will hopefully make the things easier when distros like mobian maintain stable and development releases in parallel possibly involving backports, etc:

Make the meta package version match the Phosh's middle version number. As several of Phosh components (phosh, phoc, phosh-mobile-settings, phosh-tour, …) adjusted to the same version scheme. Let's use that here too. We drop the leading 0. to avoid an epoch (we can introduce that once Phosh switches to 1.x). I hope we can get squeekboard to follow that versioning in the future too (using 1.x.y instead of 0.x.y). Having the meta package follow along allows us to have matching version sets documented (and e.g. have comments in d/control in case of backports).

Regarding versioning important components: Lots of GNOME components became adaptive in the 42 cycle, we always want recent calls, squeekboard and chatty use versioned dependencies to cater for that.

If this looks alright I'd postpone this upload until the current version in sid migrates.

This is part of the effort to make it easier for distros and users to figure out what makes a consistent set of Phosh components.